The US Census does not list individuals by name, but groups.
American FactFinder
Use the Quick Facts or create your own tables from census data by population, housing, and business characteristics, economic factors, and much more.Population Reports
Estimates, projects, reports and analyses drawn from both the Decennial (10-year) surveys and specialized surveys from 1979-on.Subjects Index
Easily find topics that your population will be grouped within.
Census of Agriculture
This survey is conducted every 5 years, with online data available from 1992-on.Dept. of Commerce
National and international trade, business regulations and economic development. The Census Bureau, Patent Office, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Agency, and National Telecommunications & Information Administration are in this department.Dept. of Defense
All topics to do with the military branches, their activities and support organizations.
Cornell University Ag Census (includes 1987, which is not on the federal census site through 1997.)
Historical Census Browser (University of Virginia 1790-1960 at state and county level.)
Finding Census Data (University of Chicago) provides clear explanations of the changes in census publications with links to digitized material when available.